Urban Seismic Surveys—Why Geophysical Equipment Design Has Had to Evolve?
Urban seismic surveys are becoming more complicated due to the increased density of cities and increasing subsurface needs. The space, social, and regulatory restrictions of urban environments are unlike open or remote landscapes and have a direct effect on survey design and implementation. These forces have triggered a radical shift in the design of geophysical tools, which compels engineers to consider form, function, and performance as a whole. The Urban Constraint Problem The landscapes of the cities present a stratified problem. The targets of interest are required to be explored below the infrastructure networks, changing ground conditions, and the constant ambient noise. The conventional survey methods fail in such circumstances since they had been initially optimized on expansive plain surfaces. Consequently, seismic equipment has been forced to be modified to work properly in small, interference-laden areas and retain data. The develop...